Prevention of cardiovascular diseases
There are factors that cause arteriosclerosis to accelerate, and if they exist, the probability of cardiovascular disease increases. In order to prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and the death and disability caused by them, you must know these risk factors and pay attention to medical recommendations. Arteriosclerosis causes various arteries that supply blood to different parts of the body. gradually become hard and narrow and their ability to transport oxygen and nutrients to body cells decreases.
Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases include:
old age, male gender, family history of premature heart disease, high blood pressure, increased blood lipids, especially cholesterol), diabetes mellitus, smoking, obesity, inactivity (not doing physical activities) and blood coagulation disorders.
Considering that diabetes is one of the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and usually accompanies other risk factors and sometimes may be the cause of them, people with diabetes should take care of their cardiovascular health more than others.
Many medical researches have also shown that cardiovascular risk factors are more common in type 2 diabetes patients.
Cardiovascular diseases can be divided into three main groups:
▪ Coronary heart diseases
▪ Vascular events of the brain
▪ Disease of peripheral vessels
▪ Coronary heart diseases
The heart is a muscular pump the size of a clenched human fist that beats an average of 60 to 100 times per minute and circulates blood throughout the body.
Blood circulation causes oxygen and nutrients to reach the organs of the body, and the waste products caused by the activity of the cells are also removed.
The heart muscle is no exception to this rule and must have proper blood supply to do its vital work properly.
Blood supply to the heart muscle is carried out by vessels called “coronary arteries”.
Blood reaching the heart and the activity of the heart muscle are to some extent similar to the supply and demand situation; The more active the heart is (for example, during heavy physical activity or anxiety and tension), the more blood it will need.
Coronary arteries must be able to meet this increased demand, otherwise heart muscle cells will face problems.
Arteriosclerosis as well as the formation of clots in the coronary arteries cause the blood supply to the heart muscle cells to decrease. As a result of the lack of oxygen and nutrients and the accumulation of waste materials in the heart muscle, a pain known as “heart pain” or “angina” occurs.
If a coronary artery is completely blocked (by a severe narrowing or blood clot), the heart cells in the area of that artery will die, and this condition is called a “heart attack”. Sometimes sudden death occurs as a result of a severe and widespread disorder in the functioning of the heart muscle.
Important symptoms of heart disease
1) chest pain: This throbbing or pressing pain is felt in the area behind the sternum and may spread to the neck, hands, back or abdomen. Angina pectoris often occurs during physical work or mental and emotional pressures that increase the activity of the heart, and is usually relieved by rest or taking sublingual nitroglycerin.
If the pain does not improve with rest or several minutes after taking the oral tablet, and especially if it is accompanied by shortness of breath, nausea, and severe sweating, it may be a sign of a heart attack.
Due to peripheral nerve disorders, the severity of heart disease symptoms in diabetics may be less than expected (silent infarction); Therefore, you who are suffering from diabetes should be more aware of such symptoms and see a doctor on time.
Of course, remember that chest pains are not only a sign of heart disease and may also appear due to digestive or lung diseases, for example.
2) shortness of breath:
The feeling of shortness of breath can be one of the symptoms of coronary heart disease, this state also occurs in many respiratory diseases.
3) Heart palpitations:
In this situation, the person feels his heartbeat uncomfortably. Heart palpitations may also occur in anxiety states and some other heart diseases.
4) No or stupid:
In the more advanced stages of heart disease (heart failure) when the pump function is impaired, the liquid in the body tissues (especially the lower parts of the body such as the ankles) is not completely drained and accumulates under the skin.
Of course, swelling or edema may also occur as a result of varicose veins, liver disease, kidney disorders, etc.
cerebrovascular accidents (stroke)
When the vessels feeding the brain are severely damaged, blood does not reach the brain cells and they will die, which is called “cerebral infarction”. A stroke occurs both as a result of the narrowing and closing of the brain vessels, and also due to the rupture and bleeding of the brain vessels.
The most important risk factor for cerebrovascular accidents is high blood pressure (hypertension). The risk of stroke in people with diabetes who also have high blood pressure is twice as high as people who only have high blood pressure.
This makes the importance of blood pressure control in diabetes more obvious.
The symptoms of cerebrovascular accidents are very different depending on which part of the brain has a blood supply disorder. Numbness or severe movement weakness (paralysis) in one half of the body and blindness or temporary blurring of vision in one eye are among the signs of cerebrovascular accidents.
Peripheral vascular disease
Peripheral vascular disease refers to diseases that affect the vessels outside the heart and brain.
These diseases usually occur as a result of the narrowing of the vessels that犀利士
bring blood to the legs and hands. Decreased blood supply to the legs causes two types of complications:
1) Qanqar or Yagangren:
Tissue death due to the lack of blood reaching the organs, which eventually leads to the amputation of that organ.
2) Intermittent lameness:
Due to the hardening of the arteries that supply blood to the legs, after walking for a while, severe pain usually occurs in the muscles behind the leg.
In general, the probability that people with diabetes need to have a part of their legs amputated is 15 to 40 times that of the general population. Therefore, it is very important for people with diabetes to adhere to the recommendations related to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and to follow the principles of foot care.
Principles of prevention of cardiovascular diseases in diabetics:
1) Reduce fat (especially cholesterol) in your blood.
Cholesterol, which is a type of fat, plays an important role in the development and spread of arteriosclerosis because it can be deposited in the walls of the arteries and, along with other factors, lead to the narrowing and closing of the arteries.
Cholesterol has two important types: one is “bad” cholesterol (LDL), which causes the arteries to close and cardiovascular disease, and the second is “good” cholesterol (HDL), which removes excess cholesterol from the body and increases the risk of disease. It slows down the heart.
The type of cholesterol that should be in low concentration in the blood is the “bad” type or LDL.
You can keep your blood fat at an appropriate level by avoiding high-fat foods and following your doctor’s recommendations.
2) Control your blood pressure
In addition to putting more pressure on the heart and increasing its need for blood, high blood pressure also accelerates the hardening of arteries and causes damage to various organs of the body.
3) Bring your weight to a suitable level
Obesity is an important risk factor for high blood pressure. Also, obesity or overweight increases the resistance of body cells to insulin. You should reach your body weight according to your height, gender and age under the supervision of a doctor or nutritionist.
4) Do not smoke
Smoking increases the heart rate and consequently the work of the heart and increases the blood pressure.
Also, smoking increases the possibility of clot formation and closing of arteries due to its effect on coagulation factors and blood thickening.
In addition to this, smoking disrupts the blood supply to the end parts of the limbs (especially the legs) by affecting the small vessels, and this complication is very important in diabetics who also have peripheral nerve problems and increases the risk of amputation. Increasing.
These effects are apart from the carcinogenic effects of smoking, which will cause disability and death. Today, smoking is considered the most important preventable cause of cancer.
5) Control your blood sugar
Accurate control of blood sugar, both directly and indirectly, can play an important role in preventing vascular diseases.
6) Have regular sports activities
Medical research has shown that leading a sedentary lifestyle (physically) increases the likelihood of diabetes, obesity, and coronary heart disease, regardless of other risk factors.
Walking, cycling, table tennis, gardening and jogging are physical activities that will have a beneficial effect on your health.
It is recommended to do physical activity for 30 minutes daily, you can do this amount of activity in three periods of 10 minutes (at intervals).
Source-Parsi Tab