If you want to know if your bleeding and menstruation are normal and what are the signs and symptoms of gynecological diseases, it is better to read this article because we have brought you complete and comprehensive information in this field.
To diagnose abnormal uterine bleeding, we must first define normal bleeding, which is menstruation, so that we can distinguish normal bleeding from abnormal.
Dr. Maliheh Mir Shahpanah, surgeon and gynecologist, says in this regard: The physiology of the normal menstrual cycle is the proliferation of the inner wall of the uterus and its readiness for implantation of a fertilized egg, which in case of infertility and implantation of the uterine wall becomes thin And it falls at the end of the cycle, which causes menstrual bleeding, and all of this happens under the influence of sex hormones.
The normal menstrual cycle lasts 28-35 days and the blood flow is 2 to 6 days and the average excretory blood is 20-60 cc. This definition applies to two-thirds of adult women, and any change in this trend is a sign of a problem; Especially when this change is repeated and continues. A change in a cycle in many cases may occur under the influence of transient issues and is not worth pursuing. Abnormal uterine bleeding is divided into two categories in terms of origin: hormonal and non-hormonal (anatomical):
Hormonal cases
* One of the most common hormonal reasons is the misuse of birth control pills and emergency pills.
Stress and emotional issues can lead to changes in the menstrual cycle by affecting the hypothalamus, which is the source of sex hormone production.
* Intense and professional sports
* Diets affect the storage of body fat and the amount of sex hormones and cause changes in menstruation (severe diets of obesity or weight loss, fasting during Ramadan and…).
The effect of milk hormone (prolactin) or thyroid hormone (hypothyroidism – hyperthyroidism) or cortisol of adrenal origin or the use of drugs containing these hormones for any reason.
* End of reproductive period (early puberty and near menopause) and hormonal weakness due to ovarian failure or immaturity of the ovaries and related hormonal axes.
Therefore, irregularity of the first and last menstrual cycles in the form of increasing or decreasing the volume of bleeding or increasing and decreasing the number of bleeding days or changing the distance between cycles, can be quite normal and common.
Consumption of some contraceptives such as contraceptive ampoules or subcutaneous contraceptive capsules, which are usually accompanied by irregular spotting and temporary menopause.
Bleeding related to pregnancy:
* Risk of miscarriage
* Pair on the way
* Premature separation of the placenta
* Ectopic pregnancy
Uterine bleeding due to problems with other organs
* Leukemia (leukemia)
* Blood coagulation disorders
* Use of some drugs such as anticoagulants aspirin and heparin and…
Non-hormonal or anatomical cases
Benign uterine glands, the most common of which are uterine fibroids or myomas, occur in 30% of women over the age of 30 and are less likely to develop into malignancies. Usually, if there is not a lot of bleeding that leads to anemia and these glands are not pressed on adjacent organs or in a position in the uterus that leads to miscarriage or infertility, surgery and treatment are not needed and should only be treated with Ultrasound to be controlled. Other benign uterine glands are uterine polyps. Cervical ulcers are another cause of uterine bleeding, which is usually spotted and sometimes after sexual intercourse, which should be controlled by Pap smear and wound healing, and if the bleeding continues, cervical biopsy should be performed.
Malignant glands of the uterus are any spots or bleeding other than the normal state of the menstrual cycle and should be checked immediately by a doctor.
Malignant glands or malignant or benign ovarian cysts.
Malignant glands in other parts of the body that have sex hormone-like secretions.
One of the most common causes of abnormal uterine bleeding is the presence of an IUD. In general, any change in the normal course of menstrual cycles in women should be examined by a gynecologist to prevent irreversible stages. Hopefully, with healthy women, we will have a healthy family and, of course, a healthy, dynamic and prosperous society.
