Genital infections are one of the most common complaints of women, especially in reproductive age (18-50 years old). Increased discharge is abnormal if it causes color change, odor, inflammation of the genital area, itching and burning; In particular, if the patient is not menstruating but has bloody discharge, he must see a doctor. Infections can be in the upper genital areas (inside the uterus, tubes and ovaries) or in the lower genital areas (vagina, cervix, and involve the genital output) which causes different complications.
Dr. Maleeha Mirshapanah, a surgeon and gynecologist, says about female infections: Other things that lead to itching, burning and discharge are sensitivities and mental and nervous issues.
Types of common genital infections
1- Fungus (Candida) which mainly affects the vulva and vagina and its symptoms are cheesy secretions and local burning and itching. It is important to know that the fungus does not enter the body from the outside, but all the external surfaces of the body and the external mucosa are infected, and in normal conditions, it is without any symptoms, and other factors cause its proliferation and symptoms.
The most important reasons
1- Disregarding local hygiene is one of the causes of this problem, which includes long hot and humid seating, as well as the use of tight and non-cotton underwear that is not changed for a long time. 2- The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics that destroys the natural flora and thus the pH of the area changes and fungi grow. 3- Any factor that weakens the body’s immune system, such as cancers, pregnancy and chemotherapy, AIDS, surgeries, etc.
Trichomonas
It is another common infection that is common between men and women and has thin foamy secretions, and husband and wife should be treated at the same time.
bacterial
In general, it is a combination of several types of microbes or mixed with fungi, etc., and produces gray secretions with a fishy smell. Sometimes these discharges are green or cream in color and may completely involve the pelvis.
Its treatment is the use of antimicrobial drugs as determined by the doctor. (antibiotics)
Genital herpes
It appears in the form of sores or blisters with pain and burning that may last up to three weeks and is sometimes accompanied by the symptoms of heartburn, fever and general weakness.
This infection is transmitted through direct contact with herpes lesions, which is mainly through sexual contact.
This virus will never be completely eradicated with or without treatment, but with medication only the duration of the disease and its discomfort will be reduced and it will recur from time to time.
genital warts (HPV)
Warts are caused by the human papilloma virus and its treatment is through laser-cautery-cryo or the use of special chemicals.
The importance of HPV is in diagnosing its type, which must be diagnosed before doing anything. Some types of it have a high risk and the possibility of turning it into cancer is high. In these cases, sampling and colposcopy should be done, and low-risk cases are only followed up with pap smear. The Gardasil vaccine, which is about 95% effective, is used to prevent HPV at the age of starting sexual activity and if not infected with HPV.
Sexually transmitted diseases
Syphilis and gonorrhea are easily treatable today. If the mother is infected with these diseases during pregnancy, it will be transmitted to the fetus and the fetus will suffer from congenital syphilis.
Bartholin’s cyst or abscess
As a result of the closing of the ducts of the glands on both sides of the vaginal entrance, it causes the secreted fluids of the glands to collect inside and turn into cysts. If it is infected, it turns into an abscess, and the treatment of Bartholin’s cyst and abscess is to drain it and treat it with antibiotics.
Cervical ulcers (ulcerative cervicitis)
If it does not respond to medical treatment, cryo-cautery or laser should be used.
Moles and spots in the genital area
Regarding any formation of white or colored spots, or the appearance of new moles, or changes in the color and size of previous moles, or the creation of secretions and blood from previous moles, and the appearance of pimples and wounds resistant to treatment that persist for a long time, it is necessary to Refer to a specialist.
Complications
More important than the symptoms of genital infections (itching, burning, smelly discharge and pain) are its complications, which are:
1- The most important complication of genital infections is that they are the basis for genital cancer, which has been scientifically proven.
2- In case of infection and transmission to the tube, ovary and uterus area, the possibility of adhesion and closure of the uterine tubes and infertility are other main complications of genital infections.
3- Chronic pelvic and pelvic pains, especially during sexual intercourse, are other complications of these infections.
Prevention and treatment :
Since prevention always precedes treatment, the best way to control and prevent genital infections is for women to visit a gynecologist every 4-6 months (even without any problems) for a check-up and every 1-2 years for a pap smear. Is.
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